Risk Factors

• History of falls
• Over age 80
• Four or more medications
• Alcohol use
• Low blood pressure or other cardiac problems
• Impaired vision or hearing
• Loss of muscle strength and flexibility
• Fear of falling
• Gait and balance problems
• Environmental hazards
• Acute or chronic illness
• Cognitive deficits/dementia
• Bladder problems, incontinence and urinary frequency

Usually, falls occur due to a combination of factors. Although you cannot change the process of aging, you can reduce your risk of falling.

The Good News

Most falls can be prevented! Reduce your risk factors by following these recommendations:

• Review medications with your doctor or pharmacist. Some drugs, including over-the-counter drugs, can make you drowsy, dizzy and unsteady.
• Limit your intake of alcohol. Even small amounts can impair your balance, coordination and judgment.
• Avoid getting up too quickly after eating, lying down or resting.
• Have your vision and hearing checked regularly and follow recommendations for correction.
• Stay physically active and maintain a regular program of exercise. Check with your doctor before starting an exercise program.
• Complete the Home Safety Checklist.
• Use a cane or walker to help keep your balance on uneven or unfamiliar ground.
• Always wear supportive, non-skid, low-heeled shoes.
• Be extra careful if you have an acute illness (cold or flu) or a chronic illness that may cause fatigue, drowsiness, or poor coordination.
• Use a nightlight to light your way to the bathroom or a bedside commode at night.
• Falling is not normal. See your doctor if you've had a fall.